Přepis řeči - ACCELERATING STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SMART GRID

0:00:13	well thank you very much of the organisers for inviting me to this and a of your interest in
0:00:19	this smart red
0:00:21	i from the national institute of standards and technology in the united states
0:00:24	and i wanna talk about some of the
0:00:27	uh
0:00:27	aspects of this smart read from my organisational set
0:00:32	there are a lot of different pieces that need to be put in place for the smart grid work we
0:00:36	just heard some about some of the economic considerations of but
0:00:40	but there is huge this is a huge working infrastructure structure
0:00:43	and as such it as many different components and pieces and i of describe some parts of the standards yeah
0:00:49	and the measurements to support a smart
0:00:52	a general of already heard some introduction towards the economics of this smart grid
0:00:58	more generally the smart grid is a modernisation of the electorate
0:01:03	and what we're doing is
0:01:04	pointing in advanced communications
0:01:07	in this traditional infrastructure
0:01:09	and where to enable some of these uh benefit some of which were described in the previous time
0:01:15	more generally were looking for two way flow of electricity and information
0:01:20	with a more resilient
0:01:21	system
0:01:24	part of this is that since it is such a large system involves so many different players
0:01:29	all of the different parts the system need to know
0:01:32	what the communication protocols are what the schemes are the economics schemes the expected behaviours within this very large system
0:01:41	as such
0:01:42	standards and the one point to standards here talking about document terry standards form a a strong for of what
0:01:48	is needed
0:01:49	for
0:01:50	the smart
0:01:53	so this is a brief introduction i'm gonna focus most my talk an accelerating smart grid standards and then get
0:01:58	to some of the measurements that we're doing to support this
0:02:01	right
0:02:03	you're a few things about the north american red
0:02:06	uh i in L sense i don't want to go into detail here but
0:02:10	the important part is that it's a very complicated system
0:02:13	and it's not just complicated from a technology point of view it's also complicated from a political and regulatory point
0:02:19	of
0:02:20	there many different electric utilities
0:02:23	some are investor around utilities some are world clock were two
0:02:27	so there is a whole host
0:02:29	of size
0:02:30	scales capabilities within the system
0:02:33	there are in the us there's many different states worldwide there are many different regulatory agencies that govern
0:02:39	uh lectures city uh a a a generation use
0:02:44	the other thing to point out from an economics to follow on the economics point of view is that
0:02:49	we have a a very large capital intensive
0:02:52	industry
0:02:54	where there is investment in generating capacity and transmission
0:02:59	that is
0:03:00	scaled to meet the P the me
0:03:03	so basically you are paying for a lot of infrastructure
0:03:06	all the time
0:03:08	even when the load on the system is much lower
0:03:12	we can be more efficient and i really drives some price uh uh benefits
0:03:18	if are able to operate closer to those march
0:03:22	with the need to move to renewable energy
0:03:25	we're gonna need to have a system that's is able to respond quicker when we and turns on and off
0:03:30	once solar is available and it's not
0:03:32	all of the use things will lead us work
0:03:34	closer to that a peak
0:03:36	a T
0:03:37	and hopefully do it in such a way that will be able to
0:03:41	reap the benefits without having to do a whole extra load of and my
0:03:47	on the other hand the entire system needs modernisation so this is
0:03:51	a system that is going to have investment anyway
0:03:54	there is a a huge you trillions of dollars worth of investment that's needed both and us and role
0:04:01	in the U S are the smart grid is a a a us national priority uh we have the support
0:04:06	of all of the upper level politicians
0:04:08	and and also the U S
0:04:10	energy policy is starts from the energy independence and security act which gave nist my institution a actually role
0:04:18	of already talked a lot about some of the drivers i'm gonna skip of this as well as this this
0:04:23	just kind of shows the level of variability of when this is what we have to be able to have
0:04:27	the communications and place to help again
0:04:31	we also the previous speaker much electric vehicles
0:04:34	electric vehicles can both be a positive or a negative
0:04:37	there
0:04:38	potentially good for
0:04:39	the environment
0:04:41	however if people come home and at the end of the day all choose to charge their electric vehicles at
0:04:47	the same time
0:04:49	this of actually add to the peak demand and and make things were
0:04:53	if through communications we can get people to charge in the middle of the night
0:04:58	then it averages out the overall load and makes things better
0:05:04	this points out like communications and so port
0:05:06	without communication you'll probably end up with this
0:05:09	with a communications and control of the charging a one
0:05:12	have a much better stay
0:05:15	to give an example the complexity of standards just looking at the electric vehicle application
0:05:20	these are some of the standards there needed
0:05:23	for and and and
0:05:26	interoperability solution
0:05:28	we have electric vehicles
0:05:30	so you have everything from the details of the standards that govern the electric vehicles
0:05:35	the details of the standards the cover how the utilities organise their space
0:05:39	standards in the us S uh for for for me are slightly different then then you're up which relies an
0:05:44	I E C standard
0:05:46	airs also safety applications the work about and then there's communication
0:05:50	there's a whole host of various standards that need to work together
0:05:54	and that's the hard part here is that all these standard organisations
0:05:57	have traditionally worked around their own little part of the problem
0:06:02	the trick is to get them to coordinate and work across the boundaries with each other to create the and
0:06:08	and application
0:06:10	that's for we um an for the national to the standards and technology so we are a non regulatory agency
0:06:15	in the nine states department of commerce
0:06:18	we were quite closely with industry academia and government
0:06:21	in in this particular case we have a role both of the standards as well as the measurements to support
0:06:26	smart
0:06:28	the are a key aspect of the U S policy
0:06:31	this particular act is what gives
0:06:34	the instructions to the us government to look to the private sector first
0:06:39	for how we set stand
0:06:41	this is an aspect where we're different than the european
0:06:44	uh way of doing things as well as others are the world
0:06:47	we were much more on the private sector and a whole host of standards about one organisations instead of pushing
0:06:53	things through and dates to the standards organisation
0:06:57	it also direct the federal government to purchase to pay and they are the possibilities uh and and the technical
0:07:03	committees for example of over four hundred of the staff at my institution
0:07:07	or involved at technical committees working on standards one sort or another
0:07:12	in addition it direct my institution to coordinate the federal government's use of state
0:07:18	so the federal government can be a driver for these standards
0:07:22	were to look to the private sector first
0:07:26	and that is exactly what was uh uh called out you know much more visible role within this energy independence
0:07:32	and security act which is kind of the underlying
0:07:34	smart grid a policy fitting i states
0:07:38	it gave us the role of
0:07:39	who mating the development of a framework
0:07:42	to achieve interoperability of smart grid systems and device
0:07:46	so in essence that's are
0:07:48	charge
0:07:48	coordinate make development means that we're not working in a vacuum of working with others
0:07:53	framework means that we have to imagine how this whole system is going to work together and look at all
0:07:58	the different parts of it
0:08:00	and we also need to make sure that these standards are
0:08:03	flexible uniform and technology needs
0:08:08	if you look in the investment this made in the smart grid is pretty substantial
0:08:11	recently the department of energy put in three point four billion
0:08:15	in as well as that's as a matched by by industry in this process
0:08:20	so it's a rather large investment in smart grid across the us similar investments are being made across the world
0:08:27	if you look at united states walls
0:08:29	in
0:08:30	smart red
0:08:31	were here were working on the thing enters piece of it but lead agency in the U as department of
0:08:35	energy
0:08:37	but a similar to most you know agencies around the world there are a whole host of players everyone from
0:08:42	the communications side the regulators enter
0:08:46	i of energy
0:08:47	all have to work together
0:08:49	and in addition you have regulation that occurs at the state level
0:08:53	that men at the most of the important regulation for the details of the distribution system a at the state
0:08:58	model
0:08:59	so all of these folks need to work well together and four
0:09:04	what we did when we receive this responsibility was that we set up a a rather large are for to
0:09:10	help to organise the community
0:09:13	the important part here was that we had a traditional industry the power industry which
0:09:18	had yeah interacted as much as it should of with the I T for
0:09:22	with the communications folks with all the other parts of the smart
0:09:27	and it was
0:09:27	or ability to in essence act as a convener or and have a series of workshops and get all of
0:09:33	the different standards about organisations and different engineers and scientists interest in this problem
0:09:39	altogether together
0:09:40	to talk three what that needs were
0:09:42	and you help develop an initial roadmap map for where we needed to go
0:09:48	in addition we realise that you know nist doing a lot of the heavy lifting at this first stage
0:09:52	was it going to be sufficient we really needed a process that we hearing on for were you know more
0:09:58	uh
0:09:59	consistent way over time
0:10:02	so we set up a smart grid interoperability panel which consist of over six hundred and fifty organisations
0:10:09	that have a role to play in the smart
0:10:12	and we also realise that standards a weren't sufficient you also needed in the end to have testing and certification
0:10:18	to be able to
0:10:19	i and sure that the other the products that were coming out will eventually meet what that the uh this
0:10:24	this the state to perform
0:10:28	and and show polish develop this road map and framework
0:10:33	i'll make a a a a no here this particular website
0:10:36	all of the stuff that we have done is in the public domain and it's available for anyone's use
0:10:42	so this get you access not knowing to everything that nist is done but also the smart grid interoperability panel
0:10:48	and all of this is available for use by ieee and others in various parts of the community of picked
0:10:55	up the frame in its elements
0:10:57	and are further developing thing
0:11:00	so we set out a a smart grid vision and model we identify key standard
0:11:05	it wasn't enough to figure out what the standards were it was also important to figure out where the problems
0:11:10	were and then make progress to meet those needs
0:11:13	so we put together priority action plans which were targeted efforts up an involving more than one standard about an
0:11:19	organisation to solve a a
0:11:21	standards yeah
0:11:23	in addition cyber security was exceptionally important for this whole process with that a whole working group on it which
0:11:29	is developed a guidelines
0:11:31	and we're currently working on a revision to this frame
0:11:34	so this of the frame mark that you'll see if you go to the website
0:11:38	there's also this work
0:11:40	in a release to revision which is also available for people to look at with the smart grid interoperability
0:11:48	but upper level point of view
0:11:50	this kind of describes the entire smart mark you of the traditional our system
0:11:54	that needs to have a communications which are shown in blue with all of these different actors
0:11:59	so this kind help to set the
0:12:03	who needs to talk with home
0:12:05	and then from those communication you can figure out what are the protocols that are needed to support smart grid
0:12:11	communication
0:12:12	it a listing of all of the priority action plans that we have the target specific names
0:12:18	as should point out that were
0:12:20	i uh uh a lying on international standards for us an essence the entire world is moving to use mark
0:12:27	reds and the various companies want to sell to a global market
0:12:31	relying on international standards helps that globalisation
0:12:34	and and supports the uh the ability of all of the different regions of the world to develop their smart
0:12:41	there's a little bit more about the smart grid interoperability panel
0:12:44	a the important part
0:12:46	here to notice is that
0:12:47	uh we're doing
0:12:49	a lot of requirements
0:12:50	and working with the stairs but one organisations so the actual sting enters of developed in the C a development
0:12:56	organisation such as ieee and i E C and others
0:13:00	we're helping to organise what goes into that and target them and try to accelerate prague
0:13:06	we also do a lot with but web based participation is living get were wide participation
0:13:11	we do a lot through tell a conferences and web meeting
0:13:14	uh this is an international group we have a large uh international participation from various countries and the world such
0:13:21	as japan korea
0:13:22	state read from china
0:13:24	all of this stairs but one organisations we have a very strong international component to the stuff
0:13:30	here are some of the stakeholder categories this is how will organised to this particular entity and this kind of
0:13:36	points out what i was saying all of the different types of entities that have a role to play in
0:13:41	the smart red
0:13:42	we're providing of forum for them all to get together and discuss the hard issue
0:13:47	here's the organisation it's a structured group that has both standing committees as well as particular priority action
0:13:54	teams
0:13:55	and as domain expert working groups and a has some functions to help to prove its operation
0:14:00	putting import we there's a governing board
0:14:03	that is selected from these different categories that hops over oversee the entire process of this market not ability
0:14:10	this is where a lot of the decisions are are my
0:14:14	here some of the key committee
0:14:17	here or some of the efforts that we've have that have been confirmed completed by the governing board so of
0:14:22	make great progress over last couple years
0:14:26	here's one in particular energy usage information so if you look at
0:14:30	issues that are facing the consumer
0:14:33	the consumer wants to have more information about their energy use and then be able to
0:14:38	uh use that energy used to change their behaviour
0:14:43	we need to put in place some rough structures on the energy usage to try to have consistency across process
0:14:49	system there's a lot of different applications that we use energy usage information
0:14:54	and this helps to
0:14:55	develop a standard which is already done now with the north american energy standards board
0:15:00	which set the data model for this nugget of energy information that can then be used by all the other
0:15:06	groups to have consist
0:15:09	i mentioned here as spoke organisation here's some of the uh the government to government interactions that are going on
0:15:14	as well as the various works of the stairs about one organisations
0:15:18	as an ieee a group a should point out that we have a strong connection with the P twenty thirty
0:15:24	there's also um the international smart reaction network
0:15:28	is a an uh which is a strong international law a push to um
0:15:33	uh
0:15:34	to help to accelerate the development and deployment of a lecture rooms
0:15:38	smart right
0:15:40	then then to to to kind of finish up i'm just gonna whizz through very quickly some technical capabilities on
0:15:46	the measurements side
0:15:48	i just to give you a taste of the kinds of things that were able to do from a technology
0:15:52	point of
0:15:54	so if you look at this domain diagram here all the different places that we have efforts on research
0:16:00	i mean a focus in on just a couple
0:16:02	in here a little bit later about phasor measurement units
0:16:06	one of the things that nist has done is put together a
0:16:09	calibration service
0:16:11	for these units basically these give you a snapshot of the grid the state of the
0:16:17	can like an E K G for the for
0:16:20	by working on both the standards as well as test beds were able to
0:16:25	uh put together a testing program to sit
0:16:27	for the deployment of these that these units
0:16:31	yeah we're working very closely with the various standards organisations to improve
0:16:36	in addition we do a lot with building automation and control
0:16:39	and for example one of the things that we're doing right now is developing an net zero energy residence
0:16:45	and some of the action will be and looking at the communications
0:16:48	between the grid and
0:16:50	buildings
0:16:52	looking at a ways to to improve that
0:16:55	more generally there's a need for data management this is where this community can come in and help with there's
0:17:01	all sorts of things that we need with real data
0:17:04	you're are just a few of the new computational applications we're gonna see forecasting load
0:17:09	variable generation
0:17:11	a lot more situational awareness and data management there's a lot of data involved
0:17:15	and also a eventually getting to the point a control
0:17:19	so with that'll conclude here's my contact information if you'd like to uh ask any further questions
0:17:25	and perhaps we have a time for for
0:18:17	i think there's room for innovation in particularly in the uh a part that faces the consider
0:18:23	so the parts
0:18:24	dealing with demand response
0:18:26	and things that the commune or
0:18:28	the consumer is going to need
0:18:31	kind of summarised and understood to see how they can then act the information
0:18:37	there's also a fair amount that goes on within the utility space there's lots of
0:18:41	parts that have to communicate with each other
0:18:43	however
0:18:45	most of that is you point out there is as regulatory aspect that can sometimes it feels like you're walking
0:18:50	through molasses
0:18:52	but
0:18:53	the trick is to simplify things
0:18:56	and do all that technical details stuff underneath but you have to simplify it in layers and layers because in
0:19:02	the and
0:19:03	you're talking with regulators the don't understand
0:19:06	very much of the technical D
0:19:09	and so the make progress on the parts that
0:19:11	impact regulation really takes a different skill set
0:19:15	so in essence we need the work
0:19:17	of the technology developers but then we also need the ability to interact with the right
0:19:29	okay just a smart grid need smart customers
0:19:31	um
0:19:32	yes and no
0:19:33	uh i
0:19:34	if we're gonna reliance smart customers a wait for a long time
0:19:38	um however
0:19:39	we were we can do is get the customers that's for that they need to basically set there
0:19:45	uh
0:19:45	um preferences and then a automated systems then respond to this and
0:19:52	in essence we're gonna need
0:19:53	smart consumers who are able to buy the V C R's
0:19:56	but we need as V C R to automatically program that solves so they're not flashing with the the day
0:20:03	thing but of course were with D V hours now but
0:20:06	i
0:20:07	so so in S and some other needs to be a lot to make it simple for the can

ACCELERATING STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SMART GRID

Tomorrow's Smart Grids

Přednášející: David Wollman, Autoři: David Wollman, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States