| 0:00:08 | if you have everybody carefully at high schools in wintertime you would probably have noticed |
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| 0:00:13 | that many of them have a stress pattern reports you round conference which half a |
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| 0:00:18 | wavelength of about one centimetre |
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| 0:00:21 | in this paper we present an experimental study that explores the origin and evolution at |
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| 0:00:28 | school groups |
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| 0:00:30 | so to do this we build a tabletop machines for road icicles that allows us |
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| 0:00:35 | to control the temperature water supply rate and their emotional ground yes |
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| 0:00:40 | we rotate score very slowly well it's growing so we can distribute the war usually |
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| 0:00:46 | around score to encourage to symmetry and the rotation also allows us to image analyze |
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| 0:00:53 | the different sides of ice |
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| 0:00:56 | here are three discourse grown under identical conditions except for the concentration of sodium chloride |
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| 0:01:03 | salt water |
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| 0:01:05 | the movie on the left shows that the stillwater icicle which has a platonic shape |
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| 0:01:10 | with a relatively smooth surface |
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| 0:01:13 | the movie in the middle is in high school make from this show that has |
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| 0:01:17 | only forty milligrams of salt water |
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| 0:01:20 | and we can see that even such a tiny amount of ionic impurities can produce |
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| 0:01:25 | a clear regular set of triples |
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| 0:01:29 | move your right shows a much more stable i icicle which deviates furthest away from |
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| 0:01:35 | both actually symmetry and self similarity |
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| 0:01:39 | so using image analysis and four methods we found that gram reports are not present |
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| 0:01:45 | on to stillwater icicles even when it's actually the water with to solve task |
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| 0:01:51 | growing ripples are also not produced when we have tried to next one hundred which |
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| 0:01:56 | is not a on extracted that we used we used the surface tension of one |
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| 0:02:03 | on the other hand ripples appear a nice clothes made from c one water even |
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| 0:02:08 | at very low concentration |
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| 0:02:11 | the report on more steel and icicles go faster to higher amplitudes although the amplitude |
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| 0:02:17 | can also decrease after it has actually |
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| 0:02:21 | we also found that sufficiently most women's the growth speed of the proposed increases with |
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| 0:02:28 | the salt concentration |
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| 0:02:30 | this increase is roughly one rhythmic which is very weak |
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| 0:02:35 | a little about one o five percent the ripples quite a pi score uniformly at |
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| 0:02:39 | a speed of a few millimetres per hour |
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| 0:02:42 | but about one of five we present the recall motion becomes more nonlinear and different |
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| 0:02:48 | ripples on the scene icicle contract no opposite direction |
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| 0:02:53 | there have been a couple of theories trying to explain the formation of isaac ripples |
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| 0:02:59 | but not of them has considered the effect and theories |
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| 0:03:03 | which we have shown experimentally to bp most significant control parameter in this problem |
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