my name is a manager alan t and i'm a masters doing in africa and

international developments at the center of african studies at the university of alma

during may to june of two thousand eleven i spent seven weeks in kenya doing

field research on gender charcoal and the value chain in western can

was to the primary data collected was in the western part of can

i conducted semi structured interviews and focus group discussions train the field research

interviews warehouse with local charcoal stakeholders

government representatives then and you are represented us to the expertise in forestry natural resources

and gender

three focus group discussions warehouse

one male and female and one with both male and female participants

in looking at charcoal

which is one of the most commonly used energy if you'll sources in can i

looked at gender equity or fairness within the charcoal value chain

the charcoal nineteen represents travel production from the planting of the tree see which becomes

a tree eventually python inverted to create charcoal all the way through to charcoal distribution

and sale

chuckle production was originally an informal in illegal cactus and can

meaning it with on taxed in very unregulated

it was formalized in regulated by the government of can in the early two thousand

and was for the realized in two thousand five with the fourth act

but the creation of the kind you for service in two thousand seven chuckle regulation

increased are skinny for services ricky regular trained licensing body

only thing was levels of the charcoal value chain

chuckles produced in rural areas

but is more commonly used her abandon the urban areas

areas that have little access to firewood as an energy fuel source

chuckles quite that for cooking especially in areas with the what climate it is mostly

burned using a g cost of

the first you levels or stages of the charcoal value chain

such as the tree single level

entry care management level are dominated by women

this is most likely because women are heavily involved in agricultural production

in sub saharan africa

tree seedlings are planted entry nurseries or farms after this growing period trees are cut

and burns

and these levels

of cutting and burning are most are mostly dominated by men

the reading level high

traditional learning methods

which are still widely used these methods have a low efficiency rate in contribute to

further environmental degradation in the area

more efficient learning methods include the portable johnstown

this method creates an opportunity for women to be involved at the burning level of

the value chain as the john uses

smaller tree branches which are easy to a range within the cal

additionally the can is quite light making it easy to transport to different forms

this can help with community bass track a production efforts involving both women and men

an increasing some gender equity within this level

after burning charcoal is usually package by women and men

it's packaged in large thirty to fifty k g stacks in transported by either large-scale

are small scale methods

well it's got transportation is done by laurie or boats mostly by men

well small-scale transportations done by donkey bicycle or motorcycle with both women and men taking

power

it is worth noting that women have a little if any access to motorcycles

for their only used in small scale transportation

the next syllable the value chain is usually distribution and sale of charcoal

large-scale distribution and sell is dominated by men well small scale is usually dominated by

women

small-scale selling can be done in conjunction with telling of local parties

and the other day to day items that market spaces

piece market spaces would have already been established prior to charcoal receiving formal status in

can

there is a lack of gender equity or fairness in the value chain resulting from

gender constructs established in western can

these constructs

clearly define the roles of women and men within charcoal production and the value chain

the reason why gender equity is an issue within the value chain is due to

an equal distribution of resources

women immense access to in control resources is really not the same

there's in balance between women and men and resources gain for labour done

with men generally controlling a substantial amount of the resources

resources gain from producing transporting in selling charcoal are not always distributed

evenly within the household

this then creates quite an imbalance and gender dynamics between women and men in the

household as well as the greater social sphere within ten